Add wheel WASD

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# IDE and Editor
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+*~
+.DS_Store
+
+# Dependencies
+node_modules/
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+*.egg-info/
+.venv/
+venv/
+
+# Build outputs
+dist/
+build/
+*.o
+*.a
+*.so
+*.ko
+*.mod
+*.mod.c
+*.cmd
+.*.cmd
+Module.symvers
+modules.order
+
+# Logs
+*.log
+npm-debug.log*
+
+# Environment variables
+.env
+.env.local
+
+# OS files
+Thumbs.db
+.DS_Store

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,62 @@
+# Device Drivers
+----------------------------------
 
-Device Driver
-=============
+This repository contains Linux **kernel modules** (``.ko``) that implement low-level USB input drivers and expose device events through the Linux **input subsystem** (evdev).
 
-[Logitech G29 USB Protocol](logitech-G29.md)
+A helper tool (``usb_driver_manager.py``) is included to make it easier to:
+- list USB devices and their **interfaces**
+- load/unload (reload) a chosen ``.ko`` module
+- unbind/bind a selected interface to a chosen driver during development
+
+## Drivers
+----------
+
+### Mouse driver (``mouse/``)
+USB HID boot-protocol mouse driver.
+
+**Build:**
+```bash
+cd mouse
+make
+```
+
+### Logitech G29 media driver (``g29_media_usb/``)
+Logitech G29 driver that maps selected wheel inputs to media key events.
+
+**Current mapping (Mode 0):**
+- Red rotary clockwise / counter-clockwise  -> Volume Up / Volume Down
+- Return ("Enter")                          -> Play/Pause
+- Plus / Minus                              -> Next track / Previous track
+
+**Build:**
+```bash
+cd g29_media_usb
+make
+```
+
+After building, the module (``*.ko``) is typically placed under ``build/`` by the provided Makefiles.
+
+## USB Driver Manager
+---------------------
+
+**Usage examples:**
+```bash
+# Search for modules in these driver directories (the tool searches recursively)
+sudo python3 usb_driver_manager.py ./mouse ./g29_media_usb
+
+# Or point directly at build/ directories
+sudo python3 usb_driver_manager.py ./mouse/build ./g29_media_usb/build
+```
+
+**Workflow:**
+1. Select the USB device.
+2. (Optional but recommended for non-mouse devices) select the USB **interface** to bind.
+3. Select the kernel module.
+4. Confirm; the tool unbinds the current driver, reloads the module if needed, and binds the chosen interface.
+
+## Testing
+----------
+After binding the driver, use ``evtest`` to confirm key events:
+```bash
+sudo evtest
+```

g29-wheel/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+.PHONY: all clean install uninstall
+
+obj-m += g29_usb.o
+PWD := $(CURDIR)
+
+all:
+	$(MAKE) -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
+	mkdir -p build
+	-mv -f -- *.ko *.mod.c *.o .*.o *.mod modules.order .*.cmd *.symvers build/
+
+clean:
+	$(MAKE) -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean
+	rm -rf build

g29-wheel/g29_usb.c

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Logitech G29 -> Media Keys (USB interface driver)
+ *
+ * Proof-of-concept Linux kernel module for low-level programming course.
+ *
+ * This driver:
+ *   - Binds to a Logitech G29 USB interface (VID/PID match)
+ *   - Receives 12-byte input reports via an interrupt-IN URB
+ *   - Parses the report into a normalized state (Stage A)
+ *   - Translates selected signals into media key events (Stage B)
+ *
+ * Stage A is designed to remain stable across different mapping policies.
+ * Stage B is designed to be replaced/extended by swapping mapping tables
+ * or adding per-signal handler functions.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/input.h>
+#include <linux/input.h>
+#include <linux/timer.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/hid.h>
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("LLP group 16");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Logitech G29 USB driver");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+#define USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH      0x046d
+#define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_G29  0xc24f
+#define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_G29_ALT 0xc260
+
+#define G29_BTN_PLUS        0x00800000u
+#define G29_BTN_MINUS       0x01000000u
+#define G29_BTN_RED_CW      0x02000000u
+#define G29_BTN_RED_CCW     0x04000000u
+#define G29_BTN_RETURN      0x08000000u
+#define G29_BTN_R1          0x00000100u
+#define G29_BTN_L1          0x00000200u
+
+enum g29_mode {
+	G29_MODE_MEDIA = 0,
+};
+
+static int mode = G29_MODE_MEDIA;
+module_param(mode, int, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(mode, "Mapping mode (0=MEDIA)");
+
+struct g29_state {
+	u32 buttons_le;
+	u16 rot_le;
+	u8 gas;
+	u8 brk;
+	u8 clt;
+	u8 gr_x;
+	u8 gr_y;
+	u8 gr_z;
+};
+
+struct g29_keymap_edge {
+	u32 mask;
+	unsigned short keycode;
+};
+
+static const struct g29_keymap_edge g29_media_edge_map[] = {
+	/* Red rotary = volume */
+	{ G29_BTN_RED_CW,  KEY_VOLUMEUP },
+	{ G29_BTN_RED_CCW, KEY_VOLUMEDOWN },
+
+	/* Return = play/pause */
+	{ G29_BTN_RETURN,  KEY_PLAYPAUSE },
+
+	/* Plus/Minus = next/prev */
+	{ G29_BTN_R1,    KEY_NEXTSONG },
+	{ G29_BTN_L1,   KEY_PREVIOUSSONG },
+};
+
+struct g29_dev {
+	char name[128];
+	char phys[64];
+
+	struct usb_device *udev;
+	struct input_dev *input;
+
+	struct urb *urb;
+	u8 *buf;
+	dma_addr_t buf_dma;
+	int maxp;
+	int interval;
+	int endpoint;
+
+	struct timer_list steer_timer;
+	u32 steer_phase_ms;
+
+	struct g29_state last;
+};
+
+
+static void g29_steer_timer_fn(struct timer_list *t) {
+	struct g29_dev *g29 = timer_container_of(g29, t, steer_timer);
+
+	const int rot = le16_to_cpu(g29->last.rot_le);
+
+	input_report_key(g29->input, KEY_W, g29->last.gas <= 0x80);
+	input_report_key(g29->input, KEY_S, g29->last.clt <= 0x80);
+	input_report_key(g29->input, KEY_A, rot <= 0x6000);
+	input_report_key(g29->input, KEY_D, rot >= 0xA000);
+
+	mod_timer(&g29->steer_timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(2));
+}
+
+static void g29_apply_media_mode(struct g29_dev *g29, const struct g29_state *cur, const struct g29_state *prev) {
+	u32 pressed = le32_to_cpu(cur->buttons_le & ~prev->buttons_le);
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(g29_media_edge_map); i++) {
+		const struct g29_keymap_edge *e = &g29_media_edge_map[i];
+		if (pressed & e->mask) {
+			input_report_key(g29->input, e->keycode, 1);
+			input_report_key(g29->input, e->keycode, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	input_sync(g29->input);
+}
+
+static void g29_process_report(struct g29_dev *g29, const u8 *data, unsigned int len) {
+	if (len < 12) return;
+
+	struct g29_state *cur = (void *) data;
+	switch (mode) {
+	case G29_MODE_MEDIA:
+	default:
+		g29_apply_media_mode(g29, cur, &g29->last);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	g29->last = *cur;
+}
+
+static void g29_urb_complete(struct urb *urb) {
+	struct g29_dev *g29 = urb->context;
+	int ret;
+
+	switch (urb->status) {
+	case 0:
+		break; /* success */
+	case -ECONNRESET:
+	case -ENOENT:
+	case -ESHUTDOWN:
+		return; /* cancelled/disconnected */
+	default:
+		goto resubmit; /* transient error */
+	}
+
+	g29_process_report(g29, g29->buf, urb->actual_length);
+
+resubmit:
+	ret = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (ret)
+		dev_err(&g29->udev->dev, "usb_submit_urb failed: %d\n", ret);
+}
+
+static int g29_input_open(struct input_dev *input) {
+	struct g29_dev *g29 = input_get_drvdata(input);
+
+	g29->urb->dev = g29->udev;
+	if (usb_submit_urb(g29->urb, GFP_KERNEL))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	mod_timer(&g29->steer_timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(2));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void g29_input_close(struct input_dev *input) {
+	struct g29_dev *g29 = input_get_drvdata(input);
+	timer_delete_sync(&g29->steer_timer);
+	usb_kill_urb(g29->urb);
+}
+
+static int g29_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id) {
+	struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Find an interrupt IN endpoint capable of carrying the 12-byte report. */
+	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *ep = NULL;
+	const struct usb_host_interface *alts = intf->cur_altsetting;
+	for (int i = 0; i < alts->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
+		struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *d = &alts->endpoint[i].desc;
+		if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(d))
+			continue;
+		if (usb_maxpacket(udev, usb_rcvintpipe(udev, d->bEndpointAddress)) >= 12) {
+			ep = d;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!ep) return -ENODEV;
+
+	struct g29_dev *g29;
+	if ((g29 = kzalloc(sizeof(*g29), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL) {
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	struct input_dev *input;
+	if ((input = input_allocate_device()) == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err_free_g29;
+	}
+
+	g29->udev = udev;
+	g29->input = input;
+
+	g29->endpoint = usb_endpoint_num(ep);
+	g29->maxp = usb_endpoint_maxp(ep);
+	g29->interval = ep->bInterval;
+	memset(&g29->last, 0, sizeof(g29->last));
+
+	timer_setup(&g29->steer_timer, g29_steer_timer_fn, 0);
+
+	if ((g29->buf = usb_alloc_coherent(udev, g29->maxp, GFP_KERNEL, &g29->buf_dma)) == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err_free_input;
+	}
+
+	if ((g29->urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err_free_buf;
+	}
+
+	if (udev->manufacturer)
+		strscpy(g29->name, udev->manufacturer, sizeof(g29->name));
+	if (udev->product) {
+		if (udev->manufacturer)
+			strlcat(g29->name, " ", sizeof(g29->name));
+		strlcat(g29->name, udev->product, sizeof(g29->name));
+	}
+	if (!strlen(g29->name))
+		snprintf(g29->name, sizeof(g29->name),
+			 "Logitech G29 USB %04x:%04x",
+			 le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idVendor),
+			 le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idProduct));
+
+	usb_make_path(udev, g29->phys, sizeof(g29->phys));
+	strlcat(g29->phys, "/input0", sizeof(g29->phys));
+
+	input->name = g29->name;
+	input->phys = g29->phys;
+	usb_to_input_id(udev, &input->id);
+	input->dev.parent = &intf->dev;
+
+	__set_bit(EV_KEY, input->evbit);
+
+	/* Advertise only the keys we emit in media mode. */
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_VOLUMEUP);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_VOLUMEDOWN);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_PLAYPAUSE);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_NEXTSONG);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_PREVIOUSSONG);
+
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_W);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_A);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_S);
+	input_set_capability(input, EV_KEY, KEY_D);
+
+	input_set_drvdata(input, g29);
+	input->open = g29_input_open;
+	input->close = g29_input_close;
+
+	usb_fill_int_urb(g29->urb, udev, usb_rcvintpipe(udev, ep->bEndpointAddress),
+			 g29->buf, g29->maxp,
+			 g29_urb_complete, g29, ep->bInterval);
+	g29->urb->transfer_dma = g29->buf_dma;
+	g29->urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+
+	if ((ret = input_register_device(input)) != 0) {
+		goto err_free_urb;
+	}
+
+	usb_set_intfdata(intf, g29);
+
+	dev_info(&intf->dev,
+		 "G29 media driver bound (ep=%02x interval=%u)\n",
+		 ep->bEndpointAddress, ep->bInterval);
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_free_urb:
+	usb_free_urb(g29->urb);
+err_free_buf:
+	usb_free_coherent(udev, g29->maxp, g29->buf, g29->buf_dma);
+err_free_input:
+	input_free_device(input);
+err_free_g29:
+	kfree(g29);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void g29_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf) {
+	struct g29_dev *g29 = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
+	usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
+	if (!g29) return;
+	usb_kill_urb(g29->urb);
+	input_unregister_device(g29->input);
+	usb_free_urb(g29->urb);
+	usb_free_coherent(interface_to_usbdev(intf), g29->maxp, g29->buf, g29->buf_dma);
+	kfree(g29);
+	dev_info(&intf->dev, "G29 driver disconnected\n");
+}
+
+static const struct usb_device_id g29_id_table[] = {
+	{ USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_G29) },
+	{ USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_G29_ALT) },
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, g29_id_table);
+
+static struct usb_driver g29_driver = {
+	.name = "g29_usb",
+	.id_table = g29_id_table,
+	.probe = g29_probe,
+	.disconnect = g29_disconnect,
+};
+
+module_usb_driver(g29_driver);

mouse/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+obj-m += simple_usb_mouse.o
+obj-m += gesture_usb_mouse.o
+
+PWD := $(CURDIR)
+KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
+
+# Function to organize build artifacts
+# Usage: $(call organize_build,pattern)
+define organize_build
+	mkdir -p build
+	mv -f *.o *.ko *.mod *.mod.c Module.symvers modules.order build/ 2>/dev/null || true
+	find . -maxdepth 1 -name '.*.cmd' -exec mv {} build/ \; 2>/dev/null || true
+	find . -maxdepth 1 -name '.*.o' -exec mv {} build/ \; 2>/dev/null || true
+	[ -d .tmp_versions ] && mv .tmp_versions build/ || true
+endef
+
+all:
+	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
+	$(call organize_build)
+simple:
+	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) simple_usb_mouse.ko
+	$(call organize_build)
+
+gesture:
+	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) gesture_usb_mouse.ko
+	$(call organize_build)
+
+clean:
+	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean
+	rm -rf build
+
+install:
+	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
+	depmod -a
+
+uninstall:
+	rm -f /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/kernel/drivers/usb/input/simple_usb_mouse.ko
+	rm -f /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/kernel/drivers/usb/input/gesture_usb_mouse.ko
+	depmod -a

mouse/gesture_usb_mouse.c

@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Gesture USB Mouse Driver
+ *
+ * A USB HID Boot Protocol mouse driver with gesture recognition.
+ * Detects shapes like "C" (copy) and "V" (paste) and sends keyboard events.
+ * Based on simple_usb_mouse.c
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/input.h>
+#include <linux/hid.h>
+#include <linux/input.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+
+#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Testor"
+#define DRIVER_DESC "Gesture USB Mouse Driver"
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+/* Gesture detection parameters */
+#define HISTORY_SIZE 100            /* Number of movement samples to track */
+#define GESTURE_MIN_DISTANCE 150    /* Minimum total distance for gesture */
+#define GESTURE_TIMEOUT_MS 1500     /* Max time for a gesture (ms) */
+#define MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD 3        /* Ignore tiny movements (noise reduction) */
+
+/* Module parameters for tuning */
+static int gesture_enabled = 1;
+module_param(gesture_enabled, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(gesture_enabled, "Enable gesture recognition (default: 1)");
+
+static int gesture_min_distance = GESTURE_MIN_DISTANCE;
+module_param(gesture_min_distance, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(gesture_min_distance, "Minimum distance for gesture detection");
+
+static int debug_gestures = 0;
+module_param(debug_gestures, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_gestures, "Print debug info for gestures (default: 0)");
+
+static int gesture_button = 2;
+module_param(gesture_button, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(gesture_button, "Button for gestures (1=left, 2=middle, 3=right, default: 2)");
+
+/*
+ * Movement point for gesture tracking
+ */
+struct movement_point {
+    int16_t x;
+    int16_t y;
+    unsigned long timestamp;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Gesture statistics for debugging
+ */
+struct gesture_stats {
+    unsigned long c_detected;
+    unsigned long v_detected;
+    unsigned long invalid;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Driver context structure
+ */
+struct gesture_usb_mouse {
+    char name[128];
+    char phys[64];
+    struct usb_device *usbdev;
+    struct input_dev *input_dev;
+    struct urb *irq;
+    unsigned char *data;
+    dma_addr_t data_dma;
+
+    /* Gesture detection state */
+    struct movement_point history[HISTORY_SIZE];
+    int history_index;
+    int history_count;
+    unsigned long gesture_start_time;
+    int total_distance;
+    bool gesture_in_progress;
+    bool gesture_button_held;
+
+    /* Statistics */
+    struct gesture_stats stats;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Calculate distance between two points
+ */
+static int calculate_distance(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2)
+{
+    int dx = x2 - x1;
+    int dy = y2 - y1;
+    /* Approximate distance: max(|dx|, |dy|) + min(|dx|, |dy|)/2 */
+    int adx = dx < 0 ? -dx : dx;
+    int ady = dy < 0 ? -dy : dy;
+    return (adx > ady) ? (adx + ady/2) : (ady + adx/2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Send keyboard shortcut
+ */
+static void send_keyboard_shortcut(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int key)
+{
+    /* Press Ctrl+Key */
+    input_report_key(dev, KEY_LEFTCTRL, 1);
+    input_report_key(dev, key, 1);
+    input_sync(dev);
+
+    /* Release Key+Ctrl */
+    input_report_key(dev, key, 0);
+    input_report_key(dev, KEY_LEFTCTRL, 0);
+    input_sync(dev);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Detect "C" shape gesture
+ * C shape: starts from right, curves left and down, then right
+ * Pattern: movement goes left with downward curve, then curves back right
+ */
+static bool detect_c_gesture(struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse)
+{
+    int i;
+    int left_count = 0, right_count = 0;
+    int down_count = 0, up_count = 0;
+    int start_idx, end_idx;
+    int16_t start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y;
+    int width, height;
+
+    if (mouse->history_count < 20)
+        return false;
+
+    /* Get start and end points */
+    start_idx = (mouse->history_index - mouse->history_count + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+    end_idx = (mouse->history_index - 1 + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+
+    start_x = mouse->history[start_idx].x;
+    start_y = mouse->history[start_idx].y;
+    end_x = mouse->history[end_idx].x;
+    end_y = mouse->history[end_idx].y;
+
+    /* Analyze movement directions */
+    for (i = 1; i < mouse->history_count; i++) {
+        int idx = (start_idx + i) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+        int prev_idx = (start_idx + i - 1 + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+
+        int16_t dx = mouse->history[idx].x - mouse->history[prev_idx].x;
+        int16_t dy = mouse->history[idx].y - mouse->history[prev_idx].y;
+
+        if (dx < -MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD) left_count++;
+        if (dx > MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD) right_count++;
+        if (dy < -MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD) up_count++;
+        if (dy > MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD) down_count++;
+    }
+
+    width = (end_x > start_x) ? (end_x - start_x) : (start_x - end_x);
+    height = (end_y > start_y) ? (end_y - start_y) : (start_y - end_y);
+
+    /* C shape criteria:
+     * - More leftward movement than rightward (opening faces left)
+     * - Significant downward movement
+     * - Start and end X positions are similar (closed C shape)
+     * - Height is reasonable compared to width
+     */
+    bool is_c = (left_count * 2 > right_count * 3) &&
+                (down_count > up_count) &&
+                (width > 40) &&
+                (height > 30) &&
+                (width < height * 2);
+
+    if (debug_gestures && is_c) {
+        pr_info("gesture_mouse: C detected - L:%d R:%d D:%d U:%d W:%d H:%d\n",
+                left_count, right_count, down_count, up_count, width, height);
+    }
+
+    return is_c;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Detect "V" shape gesture
+ * V shape: starts up, goes down-right or down-left, then up in opposite direction
+ * Pattern: down-slope followed by up-slope
+ */
+static bool detect_v_gesture(struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse)
+{
+    int i, turning_point = -1;
+    int down_before = 0, up_after = 0;
+    int start_idx, end_idx;
+    int16_t start_y, end_y, lowest_y;
+    int height_before = 0, height_after = 0;
+
+    if (mouse->history_count < 15)
+        return false;
+
+    start_idx = (mouse->history_index - mouse->history_count + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+    end_idx = (mouse->history_index - 1 + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+
+    start_y = mouse->history[start_idx].y;
+    end_y = mouse->history[end_idx].y;
+    lowest_y = start_y;
+
+    /* Find the turning point (lowest Y value) */
+    for (i = 0; i < mouse->history_count; i++) {
+        int idx = (start_idx + i) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+        if (mouse->history[idx].y > lowest_y) {
+            lowest_y = mouse->history[idx].y;
+            turning_point = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (turning_point <= 0 || turning_point >= mouse->history_count - 1)
+        return false;
+
+    /* Count down movements before turning point */
+    for (i = 1; i <= turning_point; i++) {
+        int idx = (start_idx + i) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+        int prev_idx = (start_idx + i - 1 + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+
+        int16_t dy = mouse->history[idx].y - mouse->history[prev_idx].y;
+        if (dy > MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD) {
+            down_before++;
+            height_before += dy;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Count up movements after turning point */
+    for (i = turning_point + 1; i < mouse->history_count; i++) {
+        int idx = (start_idx + i) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+        int prev_idx = (start_idx + i - 1 + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+
+        int16_t dy = mouse->history[idx].y - mouse->history[prev_idx].y;
+        if (dy < -MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD) {
+            up_after++;
+            height_after -= dy;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* V shape criteria:
+     * - Significant downward movement in first half
+     * - Significant upward movement in second half
+     * - Both sides have reasonable height
+     * - Turning point is roughly in the middle
+     */
+    bool is_v = (down_before > 5) &&
+                (up_after > 5) &&
+                (height_before > 40) &&
+                (height_after > 40) &&
+                (turning_point > mouse->history_count / 4) &&
+                (turning_point < mouse->history_count * 3 / 4);
+
+    if (debug_gestures && is_v) {
+        pr_info("gesture_mouse: V detected - Down:%d Up:%d HB:%d HA:%d Turn:%d/%d\n",
+                down_before, up_after, height_before, height_after,
+                turning_point, mouse->history_count);
+    }
+
+    return is_v;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process accumulated gesture data
+ */
+static void process_gesture(struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse)
+{
+    if (!gesture_enabled)
+        return;
+
+    if (mouse->total_distance < gesture_min_distance) {
+        if (debug_gestures)
+            pr_info("gesture_mouse: Gesture too short (%d < %d)\n",
+                    mouse->total_distance, gesture_min_distance);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Try to detect gestures */
+    if (detect_c_gesture(mouse)) {
+        pr_info("gesture_mouse: C gesture detected - triggering COPY\n");
+        send_keyboard_shortcut(mouse->input_dev, KEY_C);
+        mouse->stats.c_detected++;
+    } else if (detect_v_gesture(mouse)) {
+        pr_info("gesture_mouse: V gesture detected - triggering PASTE\n");
+        send_keyboard_shortcut(mouse->input_dev, KEY_V);
+        mouse->stats.v_detected++;
+    } else {
+        if (debug_gestures)
+            pr_info("gesture_mouse: No gesture matched (distance: %d, samples: %d)\n",
+                    mouse->total_distance, mouse->history_count);
+        mouse->stats.invalid++;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset gesture tracking state
+ */
+static void reset_gesture_tracking(struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse)
+{
+    mouse->history_count = 0;
+    mouse->history_index = 0;
+    mouse->gesture_in_progress = false;
+    mouse->total_distance = 0;
+    mouse->gesture_start_time = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add movement to gesture history
+ */
+static void add_movement(struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse, int16_t dx, int16_t dy)
+{
+    struct movement_point *point;
+    int distance;
+
+    if (!mouse->gesture_in_progress)
+        return;
+
+    /* Ignore very small movements (noise) */
+    if (dx < MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD && dx > -MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD &&
+        dy < MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD && dy > -MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD)
+        return;
+
+    /* Check for timeout */
+    if (time_after(jiffies, mouse->gesture_start_time + msecs_to_jiffies(GESTURE_TIMEOUT_MS))) {
+        if (debug_gestures)
+            pr_info("gesture_mouse: Gesture timeout\n");
+        process_gesture(mouse);
+        reset_gesture_tracking(mouse);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Calculate cumulative position */
+    point = &mouse->history[mouse->history_index];
+    if (mouse->history_count > 0) {
+        int prev_idx = (mouse->history_index - 1 + HISTORY_SIZE) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+        point->x = mouse->history[prev_idx].x + dx;
+        point->y = mouse->history[prev_idx].y + dy;
+
+        distance = calculate_distance(mouse->history[prev_idx].x, mouse->history[prev_idx].y,
+                                       point->x, point->y);
+        mouse->total_distance += distance;
+    } else {
+        point->x = 0;
+        point->y = 0;
+    }
+
+    point->timestamp = jiffies;
+
+    mouse->history_index = (mouse->history_index + 1) % HISTORY_SIZE;
+    if (mouse->history_count < HISTORY_SIZE)
+        mouse->history_count++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IRQ handler - called when mouse sends data
+ */
+static void gesture_mouse_irq(struct urb *urb)
+{
+    struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse = urb->context;
+    unsigned char *data = mouse->data;
+    struct input_dev *dev = mouse->input_dev;
+    int status;
+    int16_t x_movement, y_movement;
+    bool gesture_button_pressed;
+
+    /* Check URB status */
+    switch (urb->status) {
+        case 0:
+            break;
+        case -ECONNRESET:
+        case -ENOENT:
+        case -ESHUTDOWN:
+            pr_debug("gesture_mouse: URB stopped (status %d)\n", urb->status);
+            return;
+        default:
+            pr_debug("gesture_mouse: URB error (status %d)\n", urb->status);
+            goto resubmit;
+    }
+
+    /* Extract movement data */
+    x_movement = (int16_t)(data[2] | (data[3] << 8));
+    y_movement = (int16_t)(data[4] | (data[5] << 8));
+
+    /* Determine which button activates gestures */
+    switch (gesture_button) {
+        case 1: gesture_button_pressed = (data[0] & 0x01) != 0; break;  /* Left */
+        case 2: gesture_button_pressed = (data[0] & 0x04) != 0; break;  /* Middle */
+        case 3: gesture_button_pressed = (data[0] & 0x02) != 0; break;  /* Right */
+        default: gesture_button_pressed = false; break;
+    }
+
+    /* Gesture tracking logic */
+    if (gesture_enabled && gesture_button != 0) {
+        /* Start gesture when gesture button is pressed */
+        if (gesture_button_pressed && !mouse->gesture_button_held) {
+            reset_gesture_tracking(mouse);
+            mouse->gesture_in_progress = true;
+            mouse->gesture_start_time = jiffies;
+            if (debug_gestures)
+                pr_info("gesture_mouse: Gesture started\n");
+        }
+
+        /* Track movements while gesture button is held */
+        if (gesture_button_pressed && mouse->gesture_in_progress) {
+            add_movement(mouse, x_movement, y_movement);
+        }
+
+        /* End gesture when gesture button is released */
+        if (!gesture_button_pressed && mouse->gesture_button_held && mouse->gesture_in_progress) {
+            if (debug_gestures)
+                pr_info("gesture_mouse: Gesture ended (dist: %d, samples: %d)\n",
+                        mouse->total_distance, mouse->history_count);
+            process_gesture(mouse);
+            reset_gesture_tracking(mouse);
+        }
+
+        mouse->gesture_button_held = gesture_button_pressed;
+    }
+
+    /* Report normal mouse events */
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_LEFT,   data[0] & 0x01);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_RIGHT,  data[0] & 0x02);
+    //input_report_key(dev, BTN_MIDDLE, data[0] & 0x04);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_SIDE,   data[0] & 0x08);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_EXTRA,  data[0] & 0x10);
+
+    input_report_rel(dev, REL_X, x_movement);
+    input_report_rel(dev, REL_Y, y_movement);
+    input_report_rel(dev, REL_WHEEL, (signed char) data[6]);
+
+    input_sync(dev);
+
+resubmit:
+    status = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+    if (status) {
+        dev_err(&mouse->usbdev->dev,
+                "Failed to resubmit URB: %d\n", status);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Device open callback
+ */
+static int gesture_mouse_open(struct input_dev *dev)
+{
+    struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Device opened\n");
+
+    mouse->irq->dev = mouse->usbdev;
+    if (usb_submit_urb(mouse->irq, GFP_KERNEL)) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Failed to submit URB on open\n");
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Device close callback
+ */
+static void gesture_mouse_close(struct input_dev *dev)
+{
+    struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Device closed\n");
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Stats - C:%lu V:%lu Invalid:%lu\n",
+            mouse->stats.c_detected, mouse->stats.v_detected, mouse->stats.invalid);
+    usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Probe function
+ */
+static int gesture_mouse_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
+                               const struct usb_device_id *id)
+{
+    struct usb_device *usbdev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
+    struct usb_host_interface *interface;
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
+    struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse;
+    struct input_dev *input_dev;
+    int pipe, maxp;
+    int error = -ENOMEM;
+
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Probing device %04x:%04x\n",
+            le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor.idVendor),
+            le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor.idProduct));
+
+    interface = intf->cur_altsetting;
+
+    if (interface->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Interface has %d endpoints (expected 1)\n",
+               interface->desc.bNumEndpoints);
+        return -ENODEV;
+    }
+
+    endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0].desc;
+
+    if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint)) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Endpoint is not interrupt IN\n");
+        return -ENODEV;
+    }
+
+    pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(usbdev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
+    maxp = usb_maxpacket(usbdev, pipe);
+
+    mouse = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gesture_usb_mouse), GFP_KERNEL);
+    if (!mouse)
+        return -ENOMEM;
+
+    input_dev = input_allocate_device();
+    if (!input_dev) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Failed to allocate input device\n");
+        goto fail_input_alloc;
+    }
+
+    mouse->data = usb_alloc_coherent(usbdev, 8, GFP_KERNEL, &mouse->data_dma);
+    if (!mouse->data) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Failed to allocate DMA buffer\n");
+        goto fail_dma_alloc;
+    }
+
+    mouse->irq = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
+    if (!mouse->irq) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Failed to allocate URB\n");
+        goto fail_urb_alloc;
+    }
+
+    mouse->usbdev = usbdev;
+    mouse->input_dev = input_dev;
+
+    /* Build device name */
+    if (usbdev->manufacturer)
+        strscpy(mouse->name, usbdev->manufacturer, sizeof(mouse->name));
+
+    if (usbdev->product) {
+        if (usbdev->manufacturer)
+            strlcat(mouse->name, " ", sizeof(mouse->name));
+        strlcat(mouse->name, usbdev->product, sizeof(mouse->name));
+    }
+
+    if (!strlen(mouse->name)) {
+        snprintf(mouse->name, sizeof(mouse->name),
+                 "Gesture USB Mouse %04x:%04x",
+                 le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor.idVendor),
+                 le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor.idProduct));
+    } else {
+        strlcat(mouse->name, " [Gesture]", sizeof(mouse->name));
+    }
+
+    usb_make_path(usbdev, mouse->phys, sizeof(mouse->phys));
+    strlcat(mouse->phys, "/input0", sizeof(mouse->phys));
+
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Device name: %s\n", mouse->name);
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Physical path: %s\n", mouse->phys);
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Gesture detection: %s\n",
+            gesture_enabled ? "ENABLED" : "DISABLED");
+
+    /* Configure input device */
+    input_dev->name = mouse->name;
+    input_dev->phys = mouse->phys;
+    usb_to_input_id(usbdev, &input_dev->id);
+    input_dev->dev.parent = &intf->dev;
+
+    /* Set event types - include KEY events for keyboard shortcuts */
+    input_dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_REL);
+
+    /* Mouse buttons */
+    input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_MOUSE)] = BIT_MASK(BTN_LEFT) |
+        BIT_MASK(BTN_RIGHT) | BIT_MASK(BTN_MIDDLE);
+    input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_MOUSE)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_SIDE) |
+        BIT_MASK(BTN_EXTRA);
+
+    /* Keyboard keys for gestures */
+    input_set_capability(input_dev, EV_KEY, KEY_LEFTCTRL);
+    input_set_capability(input_dev, EV_KEY, KEY_C);
+    input_set_capability(input_dev, EV_KEY, KEY_V);
+
+    /* Relative axes */
+    input_dev->relbit[0] = BIT_MASK(REL_X) | BIT_MASK(REL_Y) | BIT_MASK(REL_WHEEL);
+
+    input_set_drvdata(input_dev, mouse);
+    input_dev->open = gesture_mouse_open;
+    input_dev->close = gesture_mouse_close;
+
+    /* Initialize URB */
+    usb_fill_int_urb(mouse->irq, usbdev, pipe, mouse->data,
+                     (maxp > 8 ? 8 : maxp),
+                     gesture_mouse_irq, mouse, endpoint->bInterval);
+    mouse->irq->transfer_dma = mouse->data_dma;
+    mouse->irq->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+
+    /* Initialize gesture tracking */
+    reset_gesture_tracking(mouse);
+    memset(&mouse->stats, 0, sizeof(mouse->stats));
+
+    /* Register input device */
+    error = input_register_device(mouse->input_dev);
+    if (error) {
+        pr_err("gesture_mouse: Failed to register input device: %d\n", error);
+        goto fail_register;
+    }
+
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, mouse);
+
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Probe successful!\n");
+    return 0;
+
+fail_register:
+    usb_free_urb(mouse->irq);
+fail_urb_alloc:
+    usb_free_coherent(usbdev, 8, mouse->data, mouse->data_dma);
+fail_dma_alloc:
+    input_free_device(input_dev);
+fail_input_alloc:
+    kfree(mouse);
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disconnect function
+ */
+static void gesture_mouse_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
+{
+    struct gesture_usb_mouse *mouse = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
+
+    pr_info("gesture_mouse: Device disconnected\n");
+
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
+
+    if (mouse) {
+        pr_info("gesture_mouse: Final stats - C:%lu V:%lu Invalid:%lu\n",
+                mouse->stats.c_detected, mouse->stats.v_detected,
+                mouse->stats.invalid);
+
+        usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq);
+        input_unregister_device(mouse->input_dev);
+        usb_free_urb(mouse->irq);
+        usb_free_coherent(interface_to_usbdev(intf), 8,
+                          mouse->data, mouse->data_dma);
+        kfree(mouse);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Device ID table - same as simple_usb_mouse
+ */
+static const struct usb_device_id gesture_mouse_id_table[] = {
+    {
+        USB_INTERFACE_INFO(
+            USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID,
+            USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT,
+            USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_MOUSE
+        )
+    },
+    { }
+};
+
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, gesture_mouse_id_table);
+
+/*
+ * USB Driver structure
+ */
+static struct usb_driver gesture_mouse_driver = {
+    .name       = "gesture_usb_mouse",
+    .probe      = gesture_mouse_probe,
+    .disconnect = gesture_mouse_disconnect,
+    .id_table   = gesture_mouse_id_table,
+};
+
+module_usb_driver(gesture_mouse_driver);

mouse/simple_usb_mouse.c

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Simple USB Mouse Driver
+ *
+ * A minimal USB HID Boot Protocol mouse driver for learning purposes.
+ * This driver can bind to any standard USB mouse that supports the
+ * HID Boot Protocol.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/input.h>
+#include <linux/hid.h>
+#include <linux/input.h>
+
+#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Testor"
+#define DRIVER_DESC "Simple USB Mouse Driver"
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+/*
+ * Driver context structure
+ * This holds all the data we need for each connected mouse
+ */
+struct simple_usb_mouse {
+    char name[128];                  /* Device name */
+    char phys[64];                   /* Physical path */
+    struct usb_device *usbdev;       /* USB device */
+    struct input_dev *input_dev;     /* Input device for reporting events */
+    struct urb *irq;                 /* URB for interrupt transfers */
+    unsigned char *data;             /* Data buffer (8 bytes for mouse data) */
+    dma_addr_t data_dma;            /* DMA address for data buffer */
+};
+
+/*
+ * IRQ handler - called when mouse sends data
+ *
+ * Cooler Master MM710 format (8 bytes):
+ * Byte 0: Button states
+ *   Bit 0: Left button
+ *   Bit 1: Right button
+ *   Bit 2: Middle button
+ *   Bit 3: Side button
+ *   Bit 4: Extra button
+ * Bytes 1: (unused)
+ * Bytes 2-3: X movement (16-bit signed, little-endian)
+ * Bytes 4-5: Y movement (16-bit signed, little-endian)
+ * Byte 6: Wheel movement (8-bit signed)
+ * Byte 7: (unused)
+ */
+static void simple_mouse_irq(struct urb *urb)
+{
+    struct simple_usb_mouse *mouse = urb->context;
+    unsigned char *data = mouse->data;
+    struct input_dev *dev = mouse->input_dev;
+    int status;
+    int16_t x_movement, y_movement;
+
+    /* Check URB status */
+    switch (urb->status) {
+        case 0:
+            /* Success - process the data */
+            break;
+        case -ECONNRESET:
+        case -ENOENT:
+        case -ESHUTDOWN:
+            /* Device disconnected or URB killed - don't resubmit */
+            pr_debug("simple_mouse:  URB stopped (status %d)\n", urb->status);
+            return;
+        default:
+            /* Transient error - we'll resubmit and try again */
+            pr_debug("simple_mouse: URB error (status %d)\n", urb->status);
+            goto resubmit;
+    }
+
+    /* Debug: Print raw data bytes */
+    /* pr_info("simple_mouse: RAW DATA: [0]=%02x [1]=%02x [2]=%02x [3]=%02x [4]=%02x [5]=%02x [6]=%02x [7]=%02x\n",
+            data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]); */
+
+    /* Report button states */
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_LEFT,   data[0] & 0x01);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_RIGHT,  data[0] & 0x02);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_MIDDLE, data[0] & 0x04);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_SIDE,   data[0] & 0x08);
+    input_report_key(dev, BTN_EXTRA,  data[0] & 0x10);
+
+    /* Combine bytes for 16-bit movement (little-endian) */
+    x_movement = (int16_t)(data[2] | (data[3] << 8));
+    y_movement = (int16_t)(data[4] | (data[5] << 8));
+
+    /* Report movement (relative coordinates) */
+    input_report_rel(dev, REL_X, x_movement);
+    input_report_rel(dev, REL_Y, y_movement);
+    input_report_rel(dev, REL_WHEEL, (signed char) data[6]);
+
+    /* Sync - tell input subsystem we're done with this event */
+    input_sync(dev);
+
+    resubmit:
+    /* Resubmit URB to continue receiving data */
+    status = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+    if (status) {
+        dev_err(&mouse->usbdev->dev,
+                "Failed to resubmit URB: %d\n", status);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when device is opened (e.g., when an application reads from it)
+ * We start the URB here to save resources when mouse isn't being used
+ */
+static int simple_mouse_open(struct input_dev *dev)
+{
+    struct simple_usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+    pr_info("simple_mouse: Device opened\n");
+
+    mouse->irq->dev = mouse->usbdev;
+    if (usb_submit_urb(mouse->irq, GFP_KERNEL)) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Failed to submit URB on open\n");
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when device is closed
+ * Stop the URB to save resources
+ */
+static void simple_mouse_close(struct input_dev *dev)
+{
+    struct simple_usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+    pr_info("simple_mouse: Device closed\n");
+    usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Probe function - called when a matching USB device is connected
+ */
+static int simple_mouse_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
+                              const struct usb_device_id *id)
+{
+    struct usb_device *usbdev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
+    struct usb_host_interface *interface;
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
+    struct simple_usb_mouse *mouse;
+    struct input_dev *input_dev;
+    int pipe, maxp;
+    int error = -ENOMEM;
+
+    pr_info("simple_mouse:  Probing device %04x:%04x\n",
+            le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor.idVendor),
+            le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor. idProduct));
+
+    interface = intf->cur_altsetting;
+
+    /* Validate interface has exactly 1 endpoint */
+    if (interface->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Interface has %d endpoints (expected 1)\n",
+               interface->desc.bNumEndpoints);
+        return -ENODEV;
+    }
+
+    endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0]. desc;
+
+    /* Ensure it's an interrupt IN endpoint */
+    if (! usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint)) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Endpoint is not interrupt IN\n");
+        return -ENODEV;
+    }
+
+    /* Calculate pipe and max packet size */
+    pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(usbdev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
+    maxp = usb_maxpacket(usbdev, pipe);
+
+    /* Allocate our context structure */
+    mouse = kzalloc(sizeof(struct simple_usb_mouse), GFP_KERNEL);
+    if (!mouse)
+        return -ENOMEM;
+
+    /* Allocate input device */
+    input_dev = input_allocate_device();
+    if (!input_dev) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Failed to allocate input device\n");
+        goto fail_input_alloc;
+    }
+
+    /* Allocate DMA-coherent buffer for USB data */
+    mouse->data = usb_alloc_coherent(usbdev, 8, GFP_KERNEL,
+                                     &mouse->data_dma);
+    if (!mouse->data) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Failed to allocate DMA buffer\n");
+        goto fail_dma_alloc;
+    }
+
+    /* Allocate URB */
+    mouse->irq = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
+    if (!mouse->irq) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Failed to allocate URB\n");
+        goto fail_urb_alloc;
+    }
+
+    /* Store references */
+    mouse->usbdev = usbdev;
+    mouse->input_dev = input_dev;
+
+    /* Build device name from USB descriptors */
+    if (usbdev->manufacturer)
+        strscpy(mouse->name, usbdev->manufacturer, sizeof(mouse->name));
+
+    if (usbdev->product) {
+        if (usbdev->manufacturer)
+            strlcat(mouse->name, " ", sizeof(mouse->name));
+        strlcat(mouse->name, usbdev->product, sizeof(mouse->name));
+    }
+
+    /* Fallback name if no descriptors available */
+    if (! strlen(mouse->name)) {
+        snprintf(mouse->name, sizeof(mouse->name),
+                 "Simple USB Mouse %04x:%04x",
+                 le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor. idVendor),
+                 le16_to_cpu(usbdev->descriptor.idProduct));
+    }
+
+    /* Build physical path */
+    usb_make_path(usbdev, mouse->phys, sizeof(mouse->phys));
+    strlcat(mouse->phys, "/input0", sizeof(mouse->phys));
+
+    pr_info("simple_mouse: Device name: %s\n", mouse->name);
+    pr_info("simple_mouse: Physical path: %s\n", mouse->phys);
+
+    /* Configure input device */
+    input_dev->name = mouse->name;
+    input_dev->phys = mouse->phys;
+    usb_to_input_id(usbdev, &input_dev->id);
+    input_dev->dev.parent = &intf->dev;
+
+    /* Set event types we can generate */
+    input_dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_REL);
+
+    /* Set button capabilities */
+    input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_MOUSE)] = BIT_MASK(BTN_LEFT) |
+    BIT_MASK(BTN_RIGHT) | BIT_MASK(BTN_MIDDLE);
+    input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_MOUSE)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_SIDE) |
+    BIT_MASK(BTN_EXTRA);
+
+    /* Set relative axis capabilities */
+    input_dev->relbit[0] = BIT_MASK(REL_X) | BIT_MASK(REL_Y) |
+    BIT_MASK(REL_WHEEL);
+
+    /* Set driver data and callbacks */
+    input_set_drvdata(input_dev, mouse);
+    input_dev->open = simple_mouse_open;
+    input_dev->close = simple_mouse_close;
+
+    /* Initialize URB */
+    usb_fill_int_urb(mouse->irq, usbdev, pipe, mouse->data,
+                     (maxp > 8 ? 8 : maxp),
+                     simple_mouse_irq, mouse, endpoint->bInterval);
+    mouse->irq->transfer_dma = mouse->data_dma;
+    mouse->irq->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+
+    /* Register input device with the kernel */
+    error = input_register_device(mouse->input_dev);
+    if (error) {
+        pr_err("simple_mouse: Failed to register input device:  %d\n",
+               error);
+        goto fail_register;
+    }
+
+    /* Save our context in interface data */
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, mouse);
+
+    pr_info("simple_mouse:  Probe successful!\n");
+    return 0;
+
+    /* Error handling - cleanup in reverse order */
+    fail_register:
+    usb_free_urb(mouse->irq);
+    fail_urb_alloc:
+    usb_free_coherent(usbdev, 8, mouse->data, mouse->data_dma);
+    fail_dma_alloc:
+    input_free_device(input_dev);
+    fail_input_alloc:
+    kfree(mouse);
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disconnect function - called when device is unplugged
+ */
+static void simple_mouse_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
+{
+    struct simple_usb_mouse *mouse = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
+
+    pr_info("simple_mouse: Device disconnected\n");
+
+    /* Clear interface data */
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
+
+    if (mouse) {
+        /* Stop URB */
+        usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq);
+
+        /* Unregister from input subsystem */
+        input_unregister_device(mouse->input_dev);
+
+        /* Free URB */
+        usb_free_urb(mouse->irq);
+
+        /* Free DMA buffer */
+        usb_free_coherent(interface_to_usbdev(intf), 8,
+                          mouse->data, mouse->data_dma);
+
+        /* Free context structure */
+        kfree(mouse);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Device ID table - matches ANY USB HID Boot Protocol mouse
+ * This is the key to binding to any mouse!
+ */
+static const struct usb_device_id simple_mouse_id_table[] = {
+    {
+        USB_INTERFACE_INFO(
+            USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID,       /* Class:  HID */
+            USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT,   /* Subclass: Boot */
+            USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_MOUSE   /* Protocol: Mouse */
+        )
+    },
+    { } /* Terminating entry */
+};
+
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, simple_mouse_id_table);
+
+/*
+ * USB Driver structure
+ */
+static struct usb_driver simple_mouse_driver = {
+    .name       = "simple_usb_mouse",
+    .probe      = simple_mouse_probe,
+    .disconnect = simple_mouse_disconnect,
+    .id_table   = simple_mouse_id_table,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Module init/exit
+ */
+module_usb_driver(simple_mouse_driver);

usb_driver_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+USB Driver Manager - CLI tool for managing USB device driver bindings
+Helps with finding USB devices, unloading current drivers, loading new drivers,
+and binding USB devices to new drivers.
+
+Note: USB drivers typically bind to interfaces, not devices. This script
+handles both device-level and interface-level driver binding.
+
+Wheel-friendly improvements:
+  - Finds kernel modules (*.ko) recursively under provided directories (e.g. ./build).
+  - Lets the user select which USB interface(s) to unbind/bind.
+    Default selection: all HID interfaces (bInterfaceClass==03).
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import glob
+import re
+import time
+import argparse
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+class Colors:
+    """ANSI color codes for terminal output"""
+    HEADER = '\033[95m'
+    BLUE = '\033[94m'
+    CYAN = '\033[96m'
+    GREEN = '\033[92m'
+    YELLOW = '\033[93m'
+    RED = '\033[91m'
+    END = '\033[0m'
+    BOLD = '\033[1m'
+
+
+def print_header(text):
+    """Print colored header"""
+    print(f"\n{Colors.BOLD}{Colors.HEADER}{text}{Colors.END}")
+
+
+def print_success(text):
+    """Print success message"""
+    print(f"{Colors.GREEN}✓ {text}{Colors.END}")
+
+
+def print_error(text):
+    """Print error message"""
+    print(f"{Colors.RED}✗ {text}{Colors.END}")
+
+
+def print_warning(text):
+    """Print warning message"""
+    print(f"{Colors.YELLOW}⚠ {text}{Colors.END}")
+
+
+def check_root():
+    """Check if script is running with root privileges"""
+    if os.geteuid() != 0:
+        print_error("This tool requires root privileges.")
+        print("Please run with sudo:")
+        print(f"  sudo {' '.join(sys.argv)}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def get_usb_devices():
+    """Get list of USB devices with their information"""
+    devices = []
+    usb_devices_path = Path("/sys/bus/usb/devices")
+
+    if not usb_devices_path.exists():
+        print_error("USB devices path not found. Is USB subsystem available?")
+        return devices
+
+    # Get lsusb output for human-readable names
+    lsusb_output = {}
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(['lsusb'], capture_output=True, text=True)
+        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+            # Format: Bus 001 Device 005: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
+            match = re.match(r'Bus (\d+) Device (\d+): ID ([0-9a-f]{4}):([0-9a-f]{4})\s+(.*)', line, re.IGNORECASE)
+            if match:
+                bus, dev, vendor, product, name = match.groups()
+                key = f"{int(bus)}-{int(dev)}"
+                lsusb_output[key] = {
+                    'vendor_id': vendor,
+                    'product_id': product,
+                    'name': name.strip()
+                }
+    except Exception as e:
+        print_warning(f"Could not run lsusb: {e}")
+
+    # Iterate through USB devices
+    for device_path in usb_devices_path.iterdir():
+        if not device_path.is_dir():
+            continue
+
+        # Only process actual device entries (format: busnum-devnum or busnum-port.port...)
+        device_name = device_path.name
+        if not re.match(r'\d+-[\d.]+$', device_name):
+            continue
+
+        # Skip root hubs
+        devpath_file = device_path / "devpath"
+        if not devpath_file.exists():
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            # Read device information
+            vendor_id = (device_path / "idVendor").read_text().strip() if (device_path / "idVendor").exists() else "unknown"
+            product_id = (device_path / "idProduct").read_text().strip() if (device_path / "idProduct").exists() else "unknown"
+            manufacturer = (device_path / "manufacturer").read_text().strip() if (device_path / "manufacturer").exists() else "Unknown"
+            product = (device_path / "product").read_text().strip() if (device_path / "product").exists() else "Unknown"
+            busnum = (device_path / "busnum").read_text().strip() if (device_path / "busnum").exists() else "?"
+            devnum = (device_path / "devnum").read_text().strip() if (device_path / "devnum").exists() else "?"
+
+            # Get current driver
+            driver = "none"
+            driver_link = device_path / "driver"
+            if driver_link.exists() and driver_link.is_symlink():
+                driver = driver_link.resolve().name
+
+            # Check interfaces for HID class and collect interface information
+            interfaces = []
+            is_input = False
+            for interface_path in device_path.glob("*:*.*"):
+                if not interface_path.is_dir():
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    iface_class = (interface_path / "bInterfaceClass").read_text().strip() if (interface_path / "bInterfaceClass").exists() else "00"
+                    iface_subclass = (interface_path / "bInterfaceSubClass").read_text().strip() if (interface_path / "bInterfaceSubClass").exists() else "00"
+                    iface_protocol = (interface_path / "bInterfaceProtocol").read_text().strip() if (interface_path / "bInterfaceProtocol").exists() else "00"
+
+                    # Get interface driver
+                    iface_driver = "none"
+                    iface_driver_link = interface_path / "driver"
+                    if iface_driver_link.exists() and iface_driver_link.is_symlink():
+                        iface_driver = iface_driver_link.resolve().name
+
+                    interfaces.append({
+                        'name': interface_path.name,
+                        'path': str(interface_path),
+                        'class': iface_class,
+                        'subclass': iface_subclass,
+                        'protocol': iface_protocol,
+                        'driver': iface_driver
+                    })
+
+                    # Class 03 is HID (Human Interface Device)
+                    if iface_class == "03":
+                        is_input = True
+                except Exception:
+                    continue
+
+            # Improve product string from lsusb when possible (safe conversion)
+            if busnum.isdigit() and devnum.isdigit():
+                lsusb_key = f"{int(busnum)}-{int(devnum)}"
+                if lsusb_key in lsusb_output:
+                    product = lsusb_output[lsusb_key]['name']
+
+            devices.append({
+                'path': str(device_path),
+                'name': device_name,
+                'vendor_id': vendor_id,
+                'product_id': product_id,
+                'manufacturer': manufacturer,
+                'product': product,
+                'bus': busnum,
+                'device': devnum,
+                'driver': driver,
+                'is_input': is_input,
+                'interfaces': interfaces,
+                'display_name': f"{manufacturer} {product}".strip()
+            })
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Skip devices that can't be read
+            continue
+
+    return devices
+
+
+def display_usb_devices(devices, filter_input=True):
+    """Display USB devices in a formatted list"""
+    if filter_input:
+        devices = [d for d in devices if d['is_input']]
+
+    if not devices:
+        print_warning("No USB devices found.")
+        return None
+
+    print_header("Available USB Devices:")
+    print(f"\n{'#':<4} {'Device':<15} {'Vendor:Product':<15} {'Name':<40} {'Interfaces':<15}")
+    print("-" * 100)
+
+    for idx, device in enumerate(devices, 1):
+        vendor_product = f"{device['vendor_id']}:{device['product_id']}"
+
+        display_name = device['display_name']
+        if len(display_name) > 40:
+            display_name = display_name[:37] + "..."
+
+        iface_info = f"{len(device.get('interfaces', []))} interface(s)"
+
+        print(f"{idx:<4} {device['name']:<15} {vendor_product:<15} {display_name:<40} {iface_info}")
+
+    return devices
+
+
+def get_kernel_modules(directories=None):
+    """Get list of available kernel modules (.ko files)"""
+    if directories is None:
+        directories = ["."]
+
+    modules = []
+    seen_modules = set()  # Track module names to avoid duplicates
+
+    # Search for .ko files recursively in each specified directory
+    for directory in directories:
+        if not os.path.exists(directory):
+            print_warning(f"Directory not found: {directory}")
+            continue
+
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
+            for filename in files:
+                if not filename.endswith('.ko'):
+                    continue
+
+                module_name = filename
+                module_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(root, filename))
+
+                # Skip duplicates (same module name already found)
+                if module_name in seen_modules:
+                    continue
+                seen_modules.add(module_name)
+
+                # Get module info if possible
+                try:
+                    result = subprocess.run(['modinfo', module_path], capture_output=True, text=True)
+                    description = "No description"
+                    for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+                        if line.startswith("description:"):
+                            description = line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
+                            break
+
+                    modules.append({
+                        'name': module_name,
+                        'path': module_path,
+                        'description': description
+                    })
+                except Exception:
+                    modules.append({
+                        'name': module_name,
+                        'path': module_path,
+                        'description': "No description available"
+                    })
+
+    return modules
+
+
+def display_kernel_modules(modules):
+    """Display available kernel modules"""
+    if not modules:
+        print_warning("No kernel modules (.ko files) found in current directory.")
+        return None
+
+    print_header("Available Kernel Modules:")
+    print(f"\n{'#':<4} {'Module Name':<30} {'Description':<50}")
+    print("-" * 90)
+
+    for idx, module in enumerate(modules, 1):
+        desc = module['description']
+        if len(desc) > 50:
+            desc = desc[:47] + "..."
+        print(f"{idx:<4} {module['name']:<30} {desc}")
+
+    return modules
+
+
+def get_user_choice(prompt, max_choice):
+    """Get user input for selection"""
+    while True:
+        try:
+            choice = input(f"\n{prompt} (1-{max_choice}, or 'q' to quit): ").strip()
+            if choice.lower() == 'q':
+                return None
+            choice = int(choice)
+            if 1 <= choice <= max_choice:
+                return choice - 1  # Return 0-indexed
+            else:
+                print_error(f"Please enter a number between 1 and {max_choice}")
+        except ValueError:
+            print_error("Invalid input. Please enter a number.")
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print("\n")
+            return None
+
+
+def get_interface_selection(device):
+    """Select which interface(s) to unbind/bind.
+
+    Default (Enter): all HID interfaces (class 03).
+    'a' selects all interfaces.
+    Comma-separated list selects specific interfaces.
+    """
+    if not device.get('interfaces'):
+        return []
+
+    print_header("Interfaces")
+    for idx, iface in enumerate(device['interfaces'], 1):
+        driver_color = Colors.GREEN if iface['driver'] != "none" else Colors.YELLOW
+        print(f"  {idx:>2}. {iface['name']}: class={iface['class']} subclass={iface['subclass']} protocol={iface['protocol']} driver={driver_color}{iface['driver']}{Colors.END}")
+
+    print("\nSelect interfaces to bind:")
+    print("  [Enter]  AUTO: all HID interfaces (class 03)")
+    print("  a        ALL interfaces")
+    print("  1,3      Comma-separated list")
+
+    raw = input("Selection: ").strip().lower()
+    if raw == "":
+        picked = [i for i in device['interfaces'] if i['class'] == "03"]
+        if not picked:
+            print_warning("No HID interfaces found; selecting ALL interfaces.")
+            picked = list(device['interfaces'])
+        return picked
+
+    if raw == "a":
+        return list(device['interfaces'])
+
+    picked = []
+    parts = [p.strip() for p in raw.split(',') if p.strip()]
+    for p in parts:
+        try:
+            i = int(p)
+            if 1 <= i <= len(device['interfaces']):
+                picked.append(device['interfaces'][i - 1])
+        except ValueError:
+            continue
+
+    if not picked:
+        print_warning("No valid interfaces selected; using AUTO (all HID interfaces).")
+        picked = [i for i in device['interfaces'] if i['class'] == "03"]
+        if not picked:
+            picked = list(device['interfaces'])
+    return picked
+
+
+def unbind_device(device, interface=None):
+    """Unbind device interface from current driver"""
+    # If specific interface provided, unbind that interface
+    if interface:
+        if interface['driver'] == "none":
+            print_warning(f"Interface {interface['name']} is not bound to any driver.")
+            return True
+
+        driver_path = Path(f"/sys/bus/usb/drivers/{interface['driver']}")
+        unbind_path = driver_path / "unbind"
+
+        if not unbind_path.exists():
+            print_error(f"Cannot unbind: {unbind_path} not found")
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            print(f"Unbinding interface {interface['name']} from driver {interface['driver']}...")
+            unbind_path.write_text(interface['name'])
+            print_success(f"Successfully unbound from {interface['driver']}")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            print_error(f"Failed to unbind interface: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    # Otherwise unbind all interfaces
+    success = True
+    for iface in device.get('interfaces', []):
+        if iface['driver'] != "none":
+            if not unbind_device(device, iface):
+                success = False
+
+    if not device.get('interfaces'):
+        # Fallback to old behavior for device-level driver
+        if device['driver'] == "none":
+            print_warning("Device is not bound to any driver.")
+            return True
+
+        driver_path = Path(f"/sys/bus/usb/drivers/{device['driver']}")
+        unbind_path = driver_path / "unbind"
+
+        if not unbind_path.exists():
+            print_error(f"Cannot unbind: {unbind_path} not found")
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            print(f"Unbinding device {device['name']} from driver {device['driver']}...")
+            unbind_path.write_text(device['name'])
+            print_success(f"Successfully unbound from {device['driver']}")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            print_error(f"Failed to unbind device: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    return success
+
+
+def load_module(module):
+    """Load kernel module"""
+    try:
+        print(f"Loading module {module['name']}...")
+        result = subprocess.run(['insmod', module['path']], capture_output=True, text=True)
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            print_success(f"Successfully loaded {module['name']}")
+            return True
+        else:
+            # Module might already be loaded
+            if "File exists" in result.stderr or "already" in result.stderr.lower():
+                print_warning(f"Module {module['name']} is already loaded")
+                return True
+            print_error(f"Failed to load module: {result.stderr}")
+            return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print_error(f"Failed to load module: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
+def get_module_driver_name(module):
+    """Get the driver name from module"""
+    # Extract driver name from module (remove .ko extension)
+    driver_name = os.path.splitext(module['name'])[0]
+
+    # Check if driver exists in /sys/bus/usb/drivers/
+    driver_path = Path(f"/sys/bus/usb/drivers/{driver_name}")
+    if driver_path.exists():
+        return driver_name
+
+    # Try to get it from loaded modules
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(['lsmod'], capture_output=True, text=True)
+        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+            if line.startswith(driver_name):
+                return driver_name
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    return driver_name
+
+
+def bind_device(device, module, interface=None):
+    """Bind device interface to new driver"""
+    driver_name = get_module_driver_name(module)
+    driver_path = Path(f"/sys/bus/usb/drivers/{driver_name}")
+    bind_path = driver_path / "bind"
+
+    if not driver_path.exists():
+        print_error(f"Driver path not found: {driver_path}")
+        print_warning("The driver might not be loaded or might use a different name.")
+        return False
+
+    if not bind_path.exists():
+        print_error(f"Bind interface not found: {bind_path}")
+        return False
+
+    # If specific interface provided, bind that interface
+    if interface:
+        # Check if already bound to target driver
+        iface_path = Path(interface['path'])
+        driver_link = iface_path / "driver"
+        if driver_link.exists() and driver_link.is_symlink():
+            current_driver = driver_link.resolve().name
+            if current_driver == driver_name:
+                print_success(f"Interface {interface['name']} already bound to {driver_name}")
+                return True
+
+        try:
+            print(f"Binding interface {interface['name']} to driver {driver_name}...")
+            bind_path.write_text(interface['name'])
+            print_success(f"Successfully bound to {driver_name}")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Check again if it got bound (might be EBUSY because it auto-bound)
+            if driver_link.exists() and driver_link.is_symlink():
+                current_driver = driver_link.resolve().name
+                if current_driver == driver_name:
+                    print_success(f"Interface {interface['name']} bound to {driver_name} (auto-probed)")
+                    return True
+            print_error(f"Failed to bind interface: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    # Default behavior (kept for backwards compatibility): try boot mouse, then device.
+    target_interfaces = []
+    for iface in device.get('interfaces', []):
+        # Look for HID Boot Mouse interfaces
+        if iface['class'] == "03" and iface['subclass'] == "01" and iface['protocol'] == "02":
+            target_interfaces.append(iface)
+
+    if not target_interfaces:
+        # Fallback: try to bind the device itself
+        try:
+            print(f"Binding device {device['name']} to driver {driver_name}...")
+            bind_path.write_text(device['name'])
+            print_success(f"Successfully bound to {driver_name}")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            print_error(f"Failed to bind device: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    # Bind each target interface
+    success = True
+    for iface in target_interfaces:
+        # Check if already bound to target driver
+        iface_path = Path(iface['path'])
+        driver_link = iface_path / "driver"
+        if driver_link.exists() and driver_link.is_symlink():
+            current_driver = driver_link.resolve().name
+            if current_driver == driver_name:
+                print_success(f"Interface {iface['name']} already bound to {driver_name}")
+                continue
+
+        try:
+            print(f"Binding interface {iface['name']} to driver {driver_name}...")
+            bind_path.write_text(iface['name'])
+            print_success(f"Successfully bound interface {iface['name']} to {driver_name}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Check again if it got bound (might be EBUSY because it auto-bound)
+            if driver_link.exists() and driver_link.is_symlink():
+                current_driver = driver_link.resolve().name
+                if current_driver == driver_name:
+                    print_success(f"Interface {iface['name']} bound to {driver_name} (auto-probed)")
+                    continue
+            print_error(f"Failed to bind interface {iface['name']}: {e}")
+            success = False
+
+    return success
+
+
+def bind_interface_to_driver(interface_name, driver_name):
+    """Bind a specific USB interface back to a given driver name (sysfs)."""
+    driver_path = Path(f"/sys/bus/usb/drivers/{driver_name}")
+    bind_path = driver_path / "bind"
+
+    if not driver_path.exists():
+        print_warning(f"Cannot restore: driver path not found: {driver_path}")
+        return False
+
+    if not bind_path.exists():
+        print_warning(f"Cannot restore: bind path not found: {bind_path}")
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        print(f"Restoring interface {interface_name} to driver {driver_name}...")
+        bind_path.write_text(interface_name)
+        print_success(f"Restored {interface_name} to {driver_name}")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        print_warning(f"Failed to restore interface {interface_name} to {driver_name}: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
+def unload_module(module):
+    """Unload kernel module"""
+    driver_name = get_module_driver_name(module)
+    try:
+        print(f"Unloading module {driver_name}...")
+        result = subprocess.run(['rmmod', driver_name], capture_output=True, text=True)
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            print_success(f"Successfully unloaded {driver_name}")
+            return True
+        else:
+            print_warning(f"Could not unload module: {result.stderr}")
+            return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print_warning(f"Could not unload module: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
+def is_module_loaded(module):
+    """Check if a kernel module is currently loaded"""
+    driver_name = get_module_driver_name(module)
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(['lsmod'], capture_output=True, text=True)
+        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+            if line.split()[0] == driver_name:
+                return True
+        return False
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def main():
+    """Main function"""
+    # Parse command line arguments
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='USB Driver Manager - CLI tool for managing USB device driver bindings',
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog='Examples:\n'
+               '  sudo %(prog)s                          # Search for .ko files in current directory\n'
+               '  sudo %(prog)s /path/to/modules         # Search in specific directory\n'
+               '  sudo %(prog)s . /path/to/dir2          # Search in multiple directories\n'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'directories',
+        nargs='*',
+        default=['.'],
+        help='Directories to search for kernel modules (.ko files). Defaults to current directory.'
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    print(f"{Colors.BOLD}{Colors.CYAN}")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print("       USB Driver Manager")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print(Colors.END)
+
+    # Check root privileges
+    check_root()
+
+    # Step 1: List USB devices
+    devices = get_usb_devices()
+    displayed_devices = display_usb_devices(devices, filter_input=True)
+
+    if not displayed_devices:
+        print_error("No input devices found. Showing all USB devices...")
+        displayed_devices = display_usb_devices(devices, filter_input=False)
+        if not displayed_devices:
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Step 2: Select device
+    device_idx = get_user_choice("Select USB device", len(displayed_devices))
+    if device_idx is None:
+        print("\nOperation cancelled.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    selected_device = displayed_devices[device_idx]
+    print(f"\n{Colors.CYAN}Selected device: {selected_device['display_name']}{Colors.END}")
+    print(f"  Device: {selected_device['name']}")
+    print(f"  Current driver: {selected_device['driver']}")
+
+    # Step 2b: Select interfaces
+    selected_interfaces = get_interface_selection(selected_device)
+    if not selected_interfaces:
+        print_warning("No interfaces available/selected; cannot bind.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Remember original per-interface drivers for restore attempts
+    original_interface_drivers = {}
+    for iface in selected_interfaces:
+        original_interface_drivers[iface['name']] = iface.get('driver', 'none')
+
+    # Step 3: List available kernel modules
+    if len(args.directories) > 1 or args.directories[0] != '.':
+        print(f"\nSearching for kernel modules in: {', '.join(args.directories)}")
+    modules = get_kernel_modules(args.directories)
+    displayed_modules = display_kernel_modules(modules)
+
+    if not displayed_modules:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Step 4: Select module
+    module_idx = get_user_choice("Select kernel module", len(displayed_modules))
+    if module_idx is None:
+        print("\nOperation cancelled.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    selected_module = displayed_modules[module_idx]
+    print(f"\n{Colors.CYAN}Selected module: {selected_module['name']}{Colors.END}")
+
+    # Check if module is already loaded
+    module_already_loaded = is_module_loaded(selected_module)
+    if module_already_loaded:
+        print_warning(f"Module {selected_module['name']} is already loaded and will be reloaded.")
+
+    # Step 5: Confirm operation
+    print(f"\n{Colors.YELLOW}This will:{Colors.END}")
+    print(f"  1. Unbind {len(selected_interfaces)} interface(s) from current driver(s)")
+    if module_already_loaded:
+        print(f"  2. Unload existing module {selected_module['name']}")
+        print(f"  3. Load module {selected_module['name']} (fresh version)")
+        print(f"  4. Bind selected interface(s) to the new driver")
+    else:
+        print(f"  2. Load module {selected_module['name']}")
+        print(f"  3. Bind selected interface(s) to the new driver")
+
+    confirm = input(f"\n{Colors.BOLD}Proceed? (yes/no): {Colors.END}").strip().lower()
+    if confirm not in ['yes', 'y']:
+        print("\nOperation cancelled.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    # Step 6: Perform operations
+    print_header("\nExecuting operations...")
+
+    # Unbind selected interfaces from current drivers
+    for iface in selected_interfaces:
+        if not unbind_device(selected_device, iface):
+            print_error("Failed to unbind interface. Aborting.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Unload module if already loaded
+    if module_already_loaded:
+        if not unload_module(selected_module):
+            print_error("Failed to unload existing module.")
+            print_warning("You may need to manually unbind all devices using this driver first.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        # Give kernel a moment after unloading
+        time.sleep(0.3)
+
+    # Load new module
+    if not load_module(selected_module):
+        print_error("Failed to load module. Attempting to restore...")
+        # Try to rebind each selected interface to its original driver
+        for iface in selected_interfaces:
+            orig = original_interface_drivers.get(iface['name'], 'none')
+            if orig != 'none':
+                bind_interface_to_driver(iface['name'], orig)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Give kernel time to auto-probe and bind
+    print("Waiting for kernel to probe interfaces...")
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+
+    # Bind selected interfaces to new driver
+    bound_any = False
+    for iface in selected_interfaces:
+        if bind_device(selected_device, selected_module, iface):
+            bound_any = True
+        else:
+            # Restore interfaces that failed to bind to the new driver
+            orig = original_interface_drivers.get(iface['name'], 'none')
+            if orig != 'none':
+                bind_interface_to_driver(iface['name'], orig)
+
+    if not bound_any:
+        print_error("Failed to bind any interface to the new driver.")
+        print_warning("All selected interfaces were restored where possible. You might need to reconnect the device.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Success
+    print_header("\nOperation completed successfully!")
+    print(f"{Colors.GREEN}Device {selected_device['name']} interface(s) are now using the new driver{Colors.END}")
+
+    # Offer to show new device status
+    print("\nVerifying device status...")
+    new_devices = get_usb_devices()
+    for dev in new_devices:
+        if dev['name'] == selected_device['name']:
+            for iface in dev.get('interfaces', []):
+                driver_color = Colors.GREEN if iface['driver'] != "none" else Colors.YELLOW
+                print(f"  Interface {iface['name']}: {driver_color}{iface['driver']}{Colors.END}")
+            if not dev.get('interfaces') and dev['driver'] != 'none':
+                print(f"  Current driver: {Colors.GREEN}{dev['driver']}{Colors.END}")
+            break
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        main()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print(f"\n\n{Colors.YELLOW}Operation cancelled by user.{Colors.END}")
+        sys.exit(0)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print_error(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        sys.exit(1)

wasd-emulator/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+.PHONY: all
+
+obj-m += wasd.o
+KVER := $(shell uname -r)
+KDIR ?= $(firstword $(wildcard /lib/modules/$(KVER)/build) $(wildcard /usr/lib/modules/$(KVER)/build))
+PWD := $(shell pwd)
+OUT := $(PWD)/out
+
+all:
+	@if [ -z "$(KDIR)" ]; then \
+		echo "ERROR: kernel build dir not found for $(KVER). Install kernel headers (e.g. linux-headers)"; \
+		exit 2; \
+	fi
+	mkdir -p $(OUT)
+	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
+	-mv -f -- *.ko *.mod.c *.o .*.o *.mod modules.order .*.cmd *.symvers $(OUT)
+
+clean:
+	@if [ -z "$(KDIR)" ]; then \
+		echo "ERROR: kernel build dir not found for $(KVER)."; \
+		exit 2; \
+	fi
+	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean
+	rm -rf $(OUT) *.cmd *.order *.mod *.o

wasd-emulator/wasd.c

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
+#include <linux/usb/input.h>
+#include <linux/input.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#define DRV_NAME "usb_steeringwheel_wasd"
+
+struct wheel_evt {
+    uint32_t buttons_be;
+    uint16_t rot_be;
+    uint8_t gas;
+    uint8_t brk;
+    uint8_t clt;
+    uint8_t gr_x;
+    uint8_t gr_y;
+    uint8_t gr_z;
+};
+
+struct wheel {
+    struct usb_device *udev;
+    struct usb_interface *intf;
+    struct input_dev *input;
+
+    struct urb *irq_urb;
+    struct wheel_evt *irq_data;
+    dma_addr_t irq_dma;
+    int irq_len;
+    int irq_interval;
+    int irq_ep;
+
+    char phys[64];
+    atomic_t opened;
+};
+
+static int drv_open(struct input_dev *dev) {
+    struct wheel *w = input_get_drvdata(dev);
+    if (!w) return -ENODEV;
+    atomic_set(&w->opened, 1);
+    int ret;
+    if ((ret = usb_submit_urb(w->irq_urb, GFP_KERNEL))) {
+        atomic_set(&w->opened, 0);
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void drv_irq(struct urb *urb) {
+    // called every 2ms?
+    struct wheel *w = urb->context;
+    if (!w || !atomic_read(&w->opened))
+        return;
+
+    const int status = urb->status;
+    if (status) {
+        if (status == -ENOENT || status == -ECONNRESET || status == -ESHUTDOWN)
+            return;
+        dev_dbg(&w->intf->dev, "irq urb status %d\n", status);
+        goto resubmit;
+    }
+
+    const struct wheel_evt *data = w->irq_data;
+    const int rot = be16_to_cpu(data->buttons_be);
+    // TODO set keys according to ratio
+    input_report_key(w->input, KEY_W, data->gas <= 0x80);
+    input_report_key(w->input, KEY_S, data->brk <= 0x80);
+    input_report_key(w->input, KEY_A, rot <= 0x6000);
+    input_report_key(w->input, KEY_D, rot >= 0xA000);
+    input_sync(w->input);
+
+resubmit:
+    usb_submit_urb(w->irq_urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+}
+
+static void drv_close(struct input_dev *dev) {
+    struct wheel *w = input_get_drvdata(dev);
+    if (!w) return;
+    atomic_set(&w->opened, 0);
+    usb_kill_urb(w->irq_urb);
+}
+
+static int drv_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id) {
+    struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
+    int ret;
+
+    // Logitech G29
+    //if (le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idVendor) != 0x046d || le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idProduct) != 0xc24f)
+    //    return -ENODEV;
+
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *ep = NULL;
+    const struct usb_host_interface *alts = intf->cur_altsetting;
+    for (int i = 0; i < alts->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
+        struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *d = &alts->endpoint[i].desc;
+        if (usb_endpoint_is_int_in(d)) {
+            ep = d;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!ep) return -ENODEV;
+
+    struct wheel *w;
+    if ((w = kzalloc(sizeof(*w), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
+        return -ENOMEM;
+
+    w->udev = usb_get_dev(udev);
+    w->intf = intf;
+    atomic_set(&w->opened, 0);
+
+    w->irq_ep = usb_endpoint_num(ep);
+    w->irq_len = usb_endpoint_maxp(ep);
+    w->irq_interval = ep->bInterval;
+
+    if ((w->irq_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL) {
+        ret = -ENOMEM;
+        goto err_free;
+    }
+
+    if ((w->irq_data = usb_alloc_coherent(udev, w->irq_len, GFP_KERNEL, &w->irq_dma)) == NULL) {
+        ret = -ENOMEM;
+        goto err_free_urb;
+    }
+
+    if ((w->input = input_allocate_device()) == NULL) {
+        ret = -ENOMEM;
+        goto err_free_buf;
+    }
+
+    usb_make_path(udev, w->phys, sizeof(w->phys));
+    strlcat(w->phys, "/input0", sizeof(w->phys));
+
+    w->input->name = "USB Boot Mouse (example driver)";
+    w->input->phys = w->phys;
+    usb_to_input_id(udev, &w->input->id);
+    w->input->dev.parent = &intf->dev;
+
+    w->input->open = drv_open;
+    w->input->close = drv_close;
+
+    input_set_drvdata(w->input, w);
+
+    usb_fill_int_urb(
+        w->irq_urb,
+        udev,
+        usb_rcvintpipe(udev, ep->bEndpointAddress),
+        w->irq_data,
+        w->irq_len,
+        drv_irq,
+        w,
+        w->irq_interval);
+
+    w->irq_urb->transfer_dma = w->irq_dma;
+    w->irq_urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, w);
+
+    if ((ret = input_register_device(w->input)) != 0)
+        goto err_clear_intfdata;
+
+    dev_info(&intf->dev,
+        "bound to %04x:%04x, int-in ep 0x%02x maxp %u interval %u\n",
+        le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idVendor),
+        le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idProduct),
+        ep->bEndpointAddress,
+        w->irq_len,
+        w->irq_interval);
+
+    return 0;
+
+err_clear_intfdata:
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
+    input_free_device(w->input);
+    w->input = NULL;
+err_free_buf:
+    usb_free_coherent(udev, w->irq_len, w->irq_data, w->irq_dma);
+err_free_urb:
+    usb_free_urb(w->irq_urb);
+err_free:
+    usb_put_dev(w->udev);
+    kfree(w);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void drv_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf) {
+    struct wheel *w = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
+    usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
+    if (!w) return;
+
+    if (w->input) {
+        input_unregister_device(w->input);
+        w->input = NULL;
+    }
+
+    usb_kill_urb(w->irq_urb);
+    usb_free_coherent(w->udev, w->irq_len, w->irq_data, w->irq_dma);
+    usb_free_urb(w->irq_urb);
+    usb_put_dev(w->udev);
+    kfree(w);
+
+    dev_info(&intf->dev, "disconnected\n");
+}
+
+static const struct usb_device_id drv_id_table[] = {
+    { USB_DEVICE_INTERFACE_NUMBER(0x046d, 0xc24f, 0) },
+    { USB_INTERFACE_INFO(3, 1, 1) },
+    {}
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, drv_id_table);
+
+static struct usb_driver drv = {
+    .name = DRV_NAME,
+    .probe = drv_probe,
+    .disconnect = drv_disconnect,
+    .id_table = drv_id_table,
+};
+
+module_usb_driver(drv);
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Lorenz Stechauner");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Steering wheel WASD emulator");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");